Ethical Principles Policy

Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

(Based on Elsevier's recommendations and COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

Publishing an article in the peer-reviewed journals by Primary School Education, Institut Prima Bangsa is a continuous process of enhancing knowledge. It reflects the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions supporting them. Peer-reviewed articles embody the scientific method and contribute to its advancement. Therefore, it is crucial to establish ethical standards for everyone involved in the publishing process: authors, editors, reviewers, publishers, and the society sponsoring or owning the journals.

We ensure that editorial decisions remain uninfluenced by advertising, reprints, or other commercial considerations. Additionally, the Editorial Board will facilitate communication with other journals and publishers when necessary.

Duties of Authors

Reporting Standards

Authors of original research should present a precise account of their work and an objective discussion of its significance. The data presented should be accurate and detailed enough to allow replication. Making false or misleading statements is unethical and unacceptable. Review articles and professional publications should also be accurate and objective, with editorial opinions clearly identified.

Data Access and Retention

Authors may be required to provide raw data for editorial review and should retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure their work is entirely original. If they use others' work or words, proper citation or quotation is required. Plagiarism, whether by claiming another's work as one's own, copying substantial parts without credit, or misrepresenting others' research, is unethical and unacceptable.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Authors should not publish the same research in more than one journal. Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously is unethical. Previously published papers should not be resubmitted for consideration in another journal.

Acknowledgment of Sources

Authors must properly acknowledge the work of others that influenced their research. Information obtained privately must not be used without explicit, written permission. Confidential information, such as that gained from reviewing manuscripts or grant applications, should not be used without the author's written consent.

Authorship of the Paper

Authorship should be limited to those who significantly contributed to the research. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors, while those involved in specific aspects should be acknowledged. The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors approve the final manuscript and agree to its submission.

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects

If the research involves hazardous chemicals, procedures, or equipment, the author must clearly indicate this in the manuscript. For research involving human or animal subjects, authors should confirm that all procedures complied with relevant laws and guidelines and received approval from the appropriate institutional committee(s). Authors must include a statement of informed consent for studies involving human subjects, and the privacy rights of these subjects must be respected.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or substantive conflicts of interest that could influence their research results or interpretations. All financial support for the project should be disclosed. Potential conflicts of interest may include employment, consultancy, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patents, and grants. Such conflicts should be disclosed as early as possible.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works

If an author discovers a significant error in their published work, they must promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate to retract or correct the paper. If a third party alerts the editor or publisher to a significant error, the author must quickly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence of its accuracy.

Duties of Editors

Publication Decisions

The editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which submissions will be published, often in collaboration with the relevant society. The decision should be based on the work's validity and its importance to researchers and readers, guided by the journal's policies and legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Editors may consult with other editors or reviewers when making these decisions.

Fair Play

Editors should evaluate manuscripts based on their intellectual content, regardless of the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, nationality, or political views.

Confidentiality
Editors and editorial staff must keep information about submitted manuscripts confidential, sharing it only with the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher as appropriate.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the author's explicit written consent. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must remain confidential and not be used for personal gain. Editors should recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where they have conflicts of interest due to competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors, companies, or institutions involved. Editors should require all contributors to disclose any relevant conflicts of interest and publish corrections if any are identified.